The United States hosted over 1.1 million international students during the 2023/24 academic year, marking an all-time high. According to the Institute of International Education’s (IIE) Open Doors report, international student numbers grew by 7% compared to the previous year. Despite international students comprising just 6% of US higher education enrolment, the US continues to lead globally with its capacity to host more students.
Mirka Martel, IIE’s head of research, evaluation, and learning, emphasized that the US, with nearly 4,000 educational institutions, remains uniquely positioned to welcome more students.
India Overtakes China as Top Sending Country
For the first time since 2009, India became the top source of international students in the US, with 331,602 students—an impressive 35% increase from the previous year. China, while still the leading source of undergraduate and non-degree students, experienced a 4% decline, falling to second place overall.
The decline in Chinese students has been attributed to factors such as lingering Covid-19 travel restrictions, demographic shifts, and expanded capacity within China’s domestic education system. Despite this, IIE forecasts continued growth from China in the coming years, highlighting the country’s historical resilience in sending students to the US.
Graduate and OPT Student Numbers Reach New Heights
International graduate students and those in Optional Practical Training (OPT) programs hit record highs, with increases of 8% and 22%, respectively. However, undergraduate enrolment saw a slight decline of 1%. The increasing popularity of OPT underscores the appeal of the US as a destination for advanced study and career opportunities, especially in STEM fields.
Growth Across Regions and Key Countries
India and China together accounted for 54% of international enrolments, but other regions showed notable growth. Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest growth rate for the second consecutive year, with a 13% increase in 2023/24.
- Nigeria: The top sending country from Sub-Saharan Africa, ranking seventh overall.
- Ghana: Recorded a 45% year-on-year increase, the highest percentage growth among all nations.
Eight of the top 25 sending countries, including Bangladesh, Nepal, Spain, and Colombia, achieved all-time highs in student numbers.
Economic and Strategic Impact
International students contributed $50 billion to the US economy in 2023. Beyond the immediate financial impact, these students help strengthen future relationships in global business, science, and government. However, international students make up only 6% of the total US student population—a smaller proportion compared to countries like Canada (close to 40%), the UK (26%), and Australia.
The US Advantage Amid Global Trends
Allan Goodman, IIE’s CEO, noted that restrictive visa policies in other countries like Canada and Australia have driven more students to the US. The nation’s ability to accommodate and welcome more students positions it as an attractive destination amid a global trend of increasing student mobility.
Top Fields and Host States
Over half (56%) of international students in the US pursued STEM fields, including mathematics, computer science, and engineering. California, New York, and Texas hosted the largest numbers of these students, with enrolments rising in 44 states overall.
US Students Abroad on the Rise
In parallel, more US students are seeking study abroad opportunities. The 2022/23 academic year saw a 49% increase, with Italy, the UK, Spain, and France among the most popular destinations. Interest in less traditional destinations like Denmark, South Korea, and Greece also surged.
This growing mutual exchange underscores the increasingly global nature of higher education.
