Caps, Chaos, and Crisis: Reviewing International Education Policies of 2024
The year 2024 has been a tumultuous period for international education, marked by sweeping policy changes, immigration restrictions, and evolving dynamics across the “big four” study destinations: Canada, Australia, the United States, and the United Kingdom. These nations grappled with political upheavals and rising anti-immigration sentiments, introducing reforms that dramatically reshaped the landscape for international students. Meanwhile, less traditional study destinations like Singapore and Germany have emerged as key players, drawing attention for their progressive policies and rising popularity.
Here’s a look back at the most significant events in 2024 and their implications for the global education sector.
1. UK Raises Maintenance Requirements for International Students
In September, the UK Home Office announced a steep increase in financial savings requirements for international students. Starting January 2025, students must demonstrate £1,483 in monthly savings for studying in London and £1,136 for other regions. This marked the first such adjustment since 2020. The policy raised concerns about affordability for students from low and middle-income countries, sparking debates over access and equity in UK higher education.
2. US Restricts Study Abroad for F-1 Visa Holders
The United States introduced controversial changes to F-1 visa rules in October, restricting international students from studying abroad for more than five months without risking their visa status. While the policy initially caused widespread confusion—affecting programs with study-abroad components—advocacy by institutions like Minerva University prompted the government to revise the rule within three months.
3. Canada Ends Grandfathering for Study Permit Extensions
In November, Canada’s Immigration, Refugees, and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) ended the “grandfathering” policy for study permit extensions. Previously, international students could change their study programs and remain eligible for postgraduate work permits (PGWPs). Under the new rules, students must meet updated eligibility criteria to retain their PGWP benefits, creating uncertainties for those considering program changes.
4. Singapore Simplifies PR Pathways for International Students
Singapore made headlines in August by easing pathways to permanent residency (PR) for international students. Student pass holders can now apply for PR status if they pass at least one national exam or are enrolled in an integrated program, a departure from the previous two-year post-graduation waiting period. This move solidified Singapore’s reputation as an emerging leader in international education.
5. Indian Students Explore European Options as “Big Four” Falter
Indian students, a major source market for international education, began shifting their focus to Europe in response to stricter immigration policies in Canada, Australia, the US, and the UK. Countries like Germany, Italy, and France have seen record numbers of Indian students, offering attractive tuition costs and less restrictive visa policies.
6. Canada’s Enrollment Caps Spark Controversy
Canada’s decision to restrict international study permits for the second time in 2024 drew backlash, particularly from Indian students. Critics warned that these caps could dissuade students from choosing Canada, with many likely to pivot to European nations offering more stable immigration frameworks.
7. UK Announces New Secure English Language Test (SELT)
In September, the UK announced plans for a government-backed Secure English Language Test (SELT) system, set to replace the current multi-supplier model. Dubbed the HOELT, the new system will streamline testing and visa processing but raised concerns over potential monopolization and accessibility challenges for prospective students worldwide.
8. Australia’s Visa Directive Adds to Sector Woes
Australia’s ESOS Amendment Bill aimed at capping international student enrollments failed to pass through the Senate. However, the government introduced Ministerial Directive 111, prioritizing visa processing up to 80% of institutional caps before slowing application approvals. This left universities struggling with financial uncertainty and added to frustrations within the sector.
9. Germany Sets Record with 380,000 International Students
Germany continued its ascent as a preferred study destination, reporting a record 379,000 international student enrollments during the 2023/24 winter term. Affordable tuition, strong academic programs, and favorable immigration policies have made Germany a competitive choice for global students.
